The front wheels of the car are installed with their tops tilted outward or inward. This is called “camber” and is measured in degrees of tilt from the vertical. When the top of a wheel is tilted outward, (more…)
Suspensions
Caster and Caster Trail
Caster is the forward or backward tilt of the steering axis. Caster is measured in degrees from the steering axis to vertical as viewed from the side. Backward tilt from the vertical line is called “positive (more…)
Steering Axis Inclination
The axis around which the wheel rotates as it turns to the right or left is called the “steering axis”. This axis is found by drawing an imaginary line between the top of the shock absorber’s upper support (more…)
Toe (Toe Angle, Toe-in and Toe-out)
Toe is the inclination of the wheel front and rear as seen from above the vehicle. The wheel installation angle is called the toe angle. When the front of the wheels are closer than the rear of the wheels, (more…)
Wheel Alignment Service
Frequent inspection and correction of wheel alignment are ordinarily not necessary under normal conditions of use. However, if the tires are worn unevenly, if steering is unstable, or if the suspension (more…)
Concepts of suspension Springs
1. Elasticity
If a force (load) is applied to an object made of a material such as rubber, it will create stress (deformation) in that object. When that force is released, the object will return to (more…)
Front Wheel and Rear Wheel Alignment Service
Toe-angle
To adjust toe-in, change the lengths of the tie rod connecting the steering knuckle arms. 1. In the type in which the tie rod is behind the spindles, increasing the tie rod length increases (more…)
What is Wheel Alignment
The vehicle must have proper straightline performance for stable driving, cornering performance for driving around curves, recovery force for returning to the straight-line condition, the capacity to soften (more…)
Location and Function of Automotive Swiches
1. Switches
(1) Damping mode select switch This switch can change the shock absorber damping force. The switch positions and details of the settings depend on the model, but switching from COMFORT (or (more…)
What is EMS & Air Suspension
The suspension improves the riding comfort and driving performance of the vehicle. EMS (Electronically-Modulated Suspension) and air suspension electronically control the damping force of the shock absorbers (more…)