The ECU detects the operating conditions of the engine based on the signals from various sensors. Based on this information, the ECU electrically controls the fuel injection volume and injection timing to reach an optimal level by operating the actuators. The EFI-diesel system electronically controls the fuel injection volume and injection timing to reach an optimal level. In doing so, the following merits are realized:
1. High engine output
2. Low fuel consumption
3. Low exhaust emissions
4. Low noise
5. Reduced discharge of white and black smoke
6. Improved startability
• Diesel (Mechanical type)
Injection volume: Governor (Mechanical)
Injection timing: Timer
EFI-diesel
Injection volume: SPV (ECU control)
Injection timing: TCV (ECU control)
REFERENCE
List of Abbreviations
• A/C…Air Conditioner
• ECT…Electronic Controlled Transmission
• ECU…Electronic Control Unit
• EDU…Electronic Driver Unit
• EFI…Electronic Fuel Injection
• E/G…Engine
• EGR…Exhaust Gas Recirculation System
• ISC…Idle Speed Control
• SCV…Suction Control Valve
• SPV…Spill Control Valve
• TCV…Timing Control Valve
• TDC…Top Dead Center ←→ Bottom Dead Center
• VRV…Vacuum Regulating Valve
• VSV…Vacuum Switching Valve
Types of EFI-diesel
There are two types of EFI-diesel:
1. Conventional EFI-diesel
Fuel injection volume and timing is controlled electronically. The control mechanism used for the pumping, distribution, and injection processes is based on the mechanism used in the mechanical type diesel system. Injection volume control: SPV Injection timing control: TCV Axial Plunger Type Pump* Radial Plunger Type Pump* *As with the mechanical type pump, there are two types of pumps, named based on the shape of their pumping portion.
2. Common-rail EFI-diesel
Instead of having the pump itself distribute fuel to the cylinders, the fuel is stored in the rail at a pressure that is necessary for injection. As with the EFI system of a gasoline engine, the injectors open and close in accordance with the injection signals from the ECU to realize optimal fuel injection. Injection volume control: injector opening duration Injection timing control: injector starting timing
REFERENCE
Main Engine Types Using EFI-diesel
Conventional EFI-diesel
•5L-E
(Axial plunger type pump)
•1KZ-TE E/G
(Axial plunger type pump)
•1HD-FTE E/G
(Radial plunger type pump)
•15B-FTE E/G
(Radial plunger type pump)
Common-rail EFI-diesel
1CD-FTV E/G
1KD-FTV E/G
2KD-FTV E/G
1ND-TV E/G